Job Three: Delivering It Safely
This is the one that gets least attention and deserves the most.
Your water heater is a pressure vessel. It's full of water at high temperature, sealed, and connected to a supply that keeps pushing more in. Several things have to work for that to stay uneventful.
The temperature and pressure relief valve is the primary safety device. It opens if temperature or pressure exceeds safe limits, discharging to a drain line. It must never be capped, plugged, blocked, or fitted with anything that restricts it — under any circumstance, for any reason, no matter how inconvenient the drip is.
If it's discharging, that's information, not a nuisance. The causes are: excessive temperature, excessive supply pressure, thermal expansion in a closed system, or a valve that has failed. Three of those four are conditions to correct rather than parts to replace.
Thermal expansion is the one most people have never heard of. If your plumbing has a check valve, backflow preventer, or pressure reducing valve at the meter, the system is closed — water heated in the tank expands with nowhere to go, and pressure spikes with every heating cycle. An expansion tank exists to absorb that. Its absence is a very common finding behind a relief valve that keeps discharging, and behind premature failure of the tank itself.
High supply pressure stresses the tank, the valve, and every fitting in the property continuously. It's measurable in minutes with an inexpensive gauge on an outside tap, and correctable with a pressure reducing valve.
On gas units, safe delivery includes combustion. The unit needs adequate combustion air, and it needs to vent properly. A gas water heater that isn't drafting correctly is a carbon monoxide concern rather than a performance one — which is why soot, scorching, or a burnt smell around a gas unit is a call to make promptly rather than a thing to monitor.
And it includes what comes out of the tap. Which is the next section.